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Types of Video Cameras

Analogue Cameras

Digital Cameras

Network (IP) Cameras

Retail-Theft Prevention Measures

Three common physical styles are listed: Pan‑Tilt‑Zoom (PTZ), vandal dome, and bullet cameras.

Video cameras transmit either analogue or digital signals to recording devices.

Analogue cameras send analogue signals and can record directly to video tape recorders or be converted to digital via capture cards.

Continuous tape requires slow time‑lapse recording (e.g., ~4 frames/sec) which can cause motion blur.

DVRs provide an embedded alternative to PC capture cards and can simplify maintenance for many analogue cameras.

Analogue signals can be converted to digital and, when broadcast-capable, a video server can turn an analogue feed into a network stream.

Digital cameras output a digital signal that can be saved directly to a computer; recordings are commonly compressed (example: 5:1 MPEG).

Uncompressed digital video consumes large storage; motion detection is sometimes used to allow occasional uncompressed recording.

Standard-definition cameras have limited pixel resolution (example ~320,000 pixels) and typical max frame rates around 30 fps.

Higher-resolution multi‑megapixel cameras provide greater detail, enabling readable licence plates and forensic-quality images at very high megapixel counts.

Network cameras combine a digital camera with an embedded video server and an IP address to stream video and sometimes audio.

They support resolutions higher than analogue CCTV (examples include VGA, SVGA, and megapixel/quadvga levels).

Any analogue or digital camera paired with a video server can act as a network camera, though image quality is still influenced by optics and sensors, not just resolution.

Network camera setups can range from a single-camera PC solution to full replacements of CCTV installations using NVRs and specialised software.

Retail theft in urban areas is rising, prompting adoption of AI-powered smart surveillance alongside traditional CCTV.

Key preventive measures described in the source material:

• Install visible cameras to act as a deterrent.

• Use real‑time monitoring to enable timely response.

• Integrate access control systems to limit unauthorized entry.

• Consider AI-enabled smart surveillance as a complement to cameras for enhanced detection and deterrence.